ted.neward@newardassociates.com | Blog: http://blogs.newardassociates.com | Github: tedneward | LinkedIn: tedneward
explore a few languages
discuss why they're "next-generation"
do some speculation and futurism
... because all our mainstream languages are old
... because productivity gains with elevated abstractions
... because functional programming couldn't get out of its own way
Julia: dynamically-typed high-performance general-pupose
Crystal: statically-typed Ruby-esque general-purpose
Jolie: service-oriented
Wing: cloud-oriented
Wasp: full-stack web app
Mint: web-oriented
This is a "survey talk"
we want to cover a bunch of languages
in less than an hour
hello, here it is, goodbye
very happy to discuss any of these afterwards
The point here is "to know what you don't know"
... and give you some signposts for exploring
... and maybe give a talk at a future conference!
https://julialang.org/
compiled (via LLVM)
complex and rational numbers
object-oriented and functional via multiple dispatch
dynamically-typed
parallel, async, multithreaded processing
implicit distribution capabilities
metaprogramming (code is data is code)
Julia distributed invocations
$ julia -p 2
julia> r = remotecall(rand, 2, 2, 2)
Future(2, 1, 4, nothing)
julia> s = @spawnat 2 1 .+ fetch(r)
Future(2, 1, 5, nothing)
julia> fetch(s)
2×2 Array{Float64,2}:
1.18526 1.50912
1.16296 1.60607
With some interesting metaprogramming support
julia> ex1 = Meta.parse("1 + 1")
:(1 + 1)
julia> dump(ex1)
Expr
head: Symbol call
args: Array{Any}((3,))
1: Symbol +
2: Int64 1
3: Int64 1
julia> ex2 = Expr(:call, :+, 1, 1)
:(1 + 1)
julia> ex1 == ex2
true
julia>
Hosting Julia in native code
#include <julia.h>
JULIA_DEFINE_FAST_TLS
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
jl_init();
/* run Julia commands */
jl_eval_string("print(sqrt(2.0))");
jl_atexit_hook(0);
return 0;
}
$ gcc -o test -fPIC -I$JULIA_DIR/include/julia -L$JULIA_DIR/lib
-Wl,-rpath,$JULIA_DIR/lib test.c -ljulia
Homebrew (macOS, Linux): brew install julia
Chocolatey (Windows): choco install julia
Downloads: https://julialang.org/downloads/
Build from source: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia
Hello, world
println("Hello, world!")
Run
julia hello.jl
Or run interactively
$ julia
_
_ _ _(_)_ | Documentation: https://docs.julialang.org
(_) | (_) (_) |
_ _ _| |_ __ _ | Type "?" for help, "]?" for Pkg help.
| | | | | | |/ _` | |
| | |_| | | | (_| | | Version 1.9.1 (2023-06-07)
_/ |\__'_|_|_|\__'_| | Official https://julialang.org/ release
|__/ |
julia> print("Hello world")
Hello world
julia>
--project=dir: Set dir as the home project/environment
-p/--procs: Launches N additional local worker processes
--machine-file file: Run processes on hosts listed in file
type-inferencing helps keep syntax clean
metaprogramming (code as data)
strong math/science features/ecosystem
performance of native (LLVM)
interoperability across other LLVM-based platforms (GraalVM, etc)
clear embedding API--viable scripting engine
https://crystal-lang.org/
web playground: https://play.crystal-lang.org/#/cr
native compilation (via LLVM)
heavily Ruby-inspired syntax
statically type-checked, type-inferenced
non-nillable types (compile-time nil checks)
macro metaprogramming system
An HTTP server
require "http/server"
server = HTTP::Server.new do |context|
context.response.content_type = "text/plain"
context.response.print "Hello world! The time is #{Time.local}"
end
address = server.bind_tcp 8080
puts "Listening on http://#{address}"
server.listen
https://crystal-lang.org/install/
Online playground: https://play.crystal-lang.org/#/cr
Download: https://crystal-lang.org/install/from_targz
Package managers:
Homebrew/Linuxbrew: brew install crystal-lang
Ubuntu: curl -fsSL https://crystal-lang.org/install.sh | sudo bash
From sources: https://crystal-lang.org/install/from_sources/
self-hosting, so you need Crystal to build Crystal
Create a project
crystal init app hello
Hello, world: src/hello.cr
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Code Search
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Find more, search less
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Startups
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Nonprofits
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DevOps
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CI/CD
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View all use cases
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<span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span>
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Government
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<div class="d-flex" data-target="qbsearch-input.hotkeyIndicator">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg>
</div>
</button>
<input type="hidden" name="type" class="js-site-search-type-field">
<div class="Overlay--hidden " data-modal-dialog-overlay>
<modal-dialog data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleClose" data-target="qbsearch-input.searchSuggestionsDialog" role="dialog" id="search-suggestions-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="search-suggestions-dialog-header" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay--width-large Overlay--height-auto">
<h1 id="search-suggestions-dialog-header" class="sr-only">Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...</h1>
<div class="Overlay-body Overlay-body--paddingNone">
<div data-view-component="true"> <div class="search-suggestions position-fixed width-full color-shadow-large border color-fg-default color-bg-default overflow-hidden d-flex flex-column query-builder-container"
style="border-radius: 12px;"
data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilderContainer"
hidden
>
<!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="query-builder-test-form" action="" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get">
<query-builder data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilder" id="query-builder-query-builder-test" data-filter-key=":" data-view-component="true" class="QueryBuilder search-query-builder">
<div class="FormControl FormControl--fullWidth">
<label id="query-builder-test-label" for="query-builder-test" class="FormControl-label sr-only">
Search
</label>
<div
class="QueryBuilder-StyledInput width-fit "
data-target="query-builder.styledInput"
>
<span id="query-builder-test-leadingvisual-wrap" class="FormControl-input-leadingVisualWrap QueryBuilder-leadingVisualWrap">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search FormControl-input-leadingVisual">
<path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<div data-target="query-builder.styledInputContainer" class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContainer">
<div
aria-hidden="true"
class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContent"
data-target="query-builder.styledInputContent"
></div>
<div class="QueryBuilder-InputWrapper">
<div aria-hidden="true" class="QueryBuilder-Sizer" data-target="query-builder.sizer"></div>
<input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-c472f5cb-f194-472d-934a-c6ded9504ff0" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action="
input:query-builder#inputChange
blur:query-builder#inputBlur
keydown:query-builder#inputKeydown
focus:query-builder#inputFocus
" data-view-component="true" class="FormControl-input QueryBuilder-Input FormControl-medium" />
</div>
</div>
<span class="sr-only" id="query-builder-test-clear">Clear</span>
<button role="button" id="query-builder-test-clear-button" aria-labelledby="query-builder-test-clear query-builder-test-label" data-target="query-builder.clearButton" data-action="
click:query-builder#clear
focus:query-builder#clearButtonFocus
blur:query-builder#clearButtonBlur
" variant="small" hidden="hidden" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium mr-1 px-2 py-0 d-flex flex-items-center rounded-1 color-fg-muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x-circle-fill Button-visual">
<path d="M2.343 13.657A8 8 0 1 1 13.658 2.343 8 8 0 0 1 2.343 13.657ZM6.03 4.97a.751.751 0 0 0-1.042.018.751.751 0 0 0-.018 1.042L6.94 8 4.97 9.97a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.749.749 0 0 0 .734-.215L8 9.06l1.97 1.97a.749.749 0 0 0 1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 0-.215-.734L9.06 8l1.97-1.97a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.749.749 0 0 0-.734.215L8 6.94Z"></path>
</svg>
</button>
</div>
<template id="search-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search">
<path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="code-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code">
<path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="file-code-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file-code">
<path d="M4 1.75C4 .784 4.784 0 5.75 0h5.586c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l2.914 2.914c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.586A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 15h-9a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h9a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6h-2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10 4.25V1.5H5.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0Zm1.72 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734l1.47-1.47-1.47-1.47a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM3.28 7.78 1.81 9.25l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Zm8.22-6.218V4.25c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.688l-.011-.013-2.914-2.914-.013-.011Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="history-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history">
<path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="repo-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo">
<path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="bookmark-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bookmark">
<path d="M3 2.75C3 1.784 3.784 1 4.75 1h6.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v11.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.227.579L8 11.722l-3.773 3.107A.751.751 0 0 1 3 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v9.91l3.023-2.489a.75.75 0 0 1 .954 0l3.023 2.49V2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="plus-circle-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-plus-circle">
<path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm7.25-3.25v2.5h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.5v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="circle-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill">
<path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="trash-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-trash">
<path d="M11 1.75V3h2.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H2.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5H5V1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h2.5C10.216 0 11 .784 11 1.75ZM4.496 6.675l.66 6.6a.25.25 0 0 0 .249.225h5.19a.25.25 0 0 0 .249-.225l.66-6.6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.492.149l-.66 6.6A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 10.595 15h-5.19a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.741-1.575l-.66-6.6a.75.75 0 1 1 1.492-.15ZM6.5 1.75V3h3V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-2.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="team-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-people">
<path d="M2 5.5a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 5.898 2.549 5.508 5.508 0 0 1 3.034 4.084.75.75 0 1 1-1.482.235 4 4 0 0 0-7.9 0 .75.75 0 0 1-1.482-.236A5.507 5.507 0 0 1 3.102 8.05 3.493 3.493 0 0 1 2 5.5ZM11 4a3.001 3.001 0 0 1 2.22 5.018 5.01 5.01 0 0 1 2.56 3.012.749.749 0 0 1-.885.954.752.752 0 0 1-.549-.514 3.507 3.507 0 0 0-2.522-2.372.75.75 0 0 1-.574-.73v-.352a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-.672A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 11 5.5.75.75 0 0 1 11 4Zm-5.5-.5a2 2 0 1 0-.001 3.999A2 2 0 0 0 5.5 3.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="project-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project">
<path d="M1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0ZM1.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM11.75 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0ZM8 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 8 3Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="pencil-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pencil">
<path d="M11.013 1.427a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2.474 0l1.086 1.086a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-8.61 8.61c-.21.21-.47.364-.756.445l-3.251.93a.75.75 0 0 1-.927-.928l.929-3.25c.081-.286.235-.547.445-.758l8.61-8.61Zm.176 4.823L9.75 4.81l-6.286 6.287a.253.253 0 0 0-.064.108l-.558 1.953 1.953-.558a.253.253 0 0 0 .108-.064Zm1.238-3.763a.25.25 0 0 0-.354 0L10.811 3.75l1.439 1.44 1.263-1.263a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="copilot-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot">
<path d="M7.998 15.035c-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.201-.508-.254-1.084-.254-1.656 0-.87.128-1.769.693-2.484.579-.733 1.494-1.124 2.724-1.261 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095v1.872c0 .766-3.351 3.795-8.002 3.795Zm0-1.485c2.28 0 4.584-1.11 5.002-1.433V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-1.146 0-2.059-.327-2.71-.991A3.222 3.222 0 0 1 8 6.303a3.24 3.24 0 0 1-.544.743c-.65.664-1.563.991-2.71.991-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433ZM6.762 2.83c-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-1.019.113-1.479.404-1.713.7-.247.312-.369.789-.369 1.554 0 .793.129 1.171.308 1.371.162.181.519.379 1.442.379.853 0 1.339-.235 1.638-.54.315-.322.527-.827.617-1.553.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614Zm4.155-.297c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="copilot-error-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot-error">
<path d="M16 11.24c0 .112-.072.274-.21.467L13 9.688V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-.198 0-.388-.009-.571-.029L6.833 5.226a4.01 4.01 0 0 0 .17-.782c.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-.683.076-1.115.231-1.395.415l-1.257-.91c.579-.564 1.413-.877 2.485-.996 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095Zm-5.083-8.707c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Zm2.511 11.074c-1.393.776-3.272 1.428-5.43 1.428-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.18-.455-.241-.963-.252-1.475L.31 4.107A.747.747 0 0 1 0 3.509V3.49a.748.748 0 0 1 .625-.73c.156-.026.306.047.435.139l14.667 10.578a.592.592 0 0 1 .227.264.752.752 0 0 1 .046.249v.022a.75.75 0 0 1-1.19.596Zm-1.367-.991L5.635 7.964a5.128 5.128 0 0 1-.889.073c-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433 1.539 0 3.089-.505 4.063-.934Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="workflow-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow">
<path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h3.5C6.216 0 7 .784 7 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5.25 7H4v4a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h4v-1.25C9 9.784 9.784 9 10.75 9h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 14.25v-.75H5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 11V7h-.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 5.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm9 9a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="book-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book">
<path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="code-review-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-review">
<path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 13H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 14.543V13H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 11.25v-8.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm5.28 1.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L5.31 7l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Zm2.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L10.69 7 9.22 5.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="codespaces-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces">
<path d="M0 11.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm2-9.5C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h8.5C13.216 0 14 .784 14 1.75v5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 6.75Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M7 12.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="comment-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment">
<path d="M1 2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h10.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 12H9.06l-2.573 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 4 13.543V12H2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 10.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h4.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="comment-discussion-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion">
<path d="M1.75 1h8.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10.25 10H7.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 2 11.543V10h-.25A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 8.25v-5.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm13 2a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 12H14v1.543a1.458 1.458 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L9.22 12.28a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l2.22 2.22v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h1a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="organization-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-organization">
<path d="M1.75 16A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h8.5C11.216 0 12 .784 12 1.75v12.5c0 .085-.006.168-.018.25h2.268a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V8.285a.25.25 0 0 0-.111-.208l-1.055-.703a.749.749 0 1 1 .832-1.248l1.055.703c.487.325.779.871.779 1.456v5.965A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5a.766.766 0 0 1-.197-.026c-.099.017-.2.026-.303.026h-3a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-1v1.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75Zm-.25-1.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25H4v-1.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.25h2.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM3.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 3.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 3.75Zm4 3A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7 6.75ZM7.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 9.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 9.75ZM7.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="rocket-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-rocket">
<path d="M14.064 0h.186C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v.186a8.752 8.752 0 0 1-2.564 6.186l-.458.459c-.314.314-.641.616-.979.904v3.207c0 .608-.315 1.172-.833 1.49l-2.774 1.707a.749.749 0 0 1-1.11-.418l-.954-3.102a1.214 1.214 0 0 1-.145-.125L3.754 9.816a1.218 1.218 0 0 1-.124-.145L.528 8.717a.749.749 0 0 1-.418-1.11l1.71-2.774A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 3.31 4h3.204c.288-.338.59-.665.904-.979l.459-.458A8.749 8.749 0 0 1 14.064 0ZM8.938 3.623h-.002l-.458.458c-.76.76-1.437 1.598-2.02 2.5l-1.5 2.317 2.143 2.143 2.317-1.5c.902-.583 1.74-1.26 2.499-2.02l.459-.458a7.25 7.25 0 0 0 2.123-5.127V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.186a7.249 7.249 0 0 0-5.125 2.123ZM3.56 14.56c-.732.732-2.334 1.045-3.005 1.148a.234.234 0 0 1-.201-.064.234.234 0 0 1-.064-.201c.103-.671.416-2.273 1.15-3.003a1.502 1.502 0 1 1 2.12 2.12Zm6.94-3.935c-.088.06-.177.118-.266.175l-2.35 1.521.548 1.783 1.949-1.2a.25.25 0 0 0 .119-.213ZM3.678 8.116 5.2 5.766c.058-.09.117-.178.176-.266H3.309a.25.25 0 0 0-.213.119l-1.2 1.95ZM12 5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="shield-check-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check">
<path d="m8.533.133 5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="heart-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-heart">
<path d="m8 14.25.345.666a.75.75 0 0 1-.69 0l-.008-.004-.018-.01a7.152 7.152 0 0 1-.31-.17 22.055 22.055 0 0 1-3.434-2.414C2.045 10.731 0 8.35 0 5.5 0 2.836 2.086 1 4.25 1 5.797 1 7.153 1.802 8 3.02 8.847 1.802 10.203 1 11.75 1 13.914 1 16 2.836 16 5.5c0 2.85-2.045 5.231-3.885 6.818a22.066 22.066 0 0 1-3.744 2.584l-.018.01-.006.003h-.002ZM4.25 2.5c-1.336 0-2.75 1.164-2.75 3 0 2.15 1.58 4.144 3.365 5.682A20.58 20.58 0 0 0 8 13.393a20.58 20.58 0 0 0 3.135-2.211C12.92 9.644 14.5 7.65 14.5 5.5c0-1.836-1.414-3-2.75-3-1.373 0-2.609.986-3.029 2.456a.749.749 0 0 1-1.442 0C6.859 3.486 5.623 2.5 4.25 2.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="server-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-server">
<path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4c0 .372-.116.717-.314 1 .198.283.314.628.314 1v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.75v-4c0-.358.109-.707.314-1a1.739 1.739 0 0 1-.314-1v-4C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm.25 5.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM7 4.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7 4.75ZM7.75 10h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 4.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 4h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 4.75ZM3.75 10h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="globe-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-globe">
<path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM5.78 8.75a9.64 9.64 0 0 0 1.363 4.177c.255.426.542.832.857 1.215.245-.296.551-.705.857-1.215A9.64 9.64 0 0 0 10.22 8.75Zm4.44-1.5a9.64 9.64 0 0 0-1.363-4.177c-.307-.51-.612-.919-.857-1.215a9.927 9.927 0 0 0-.857 1.215A9.64 9.64 0 0 0 5.78 7.25Zm-5.944 1.5H1.543a6.507 6.507 0 0 0 4.666 5.5c-.123-.181-.24-.365-.352-.552-.715-1.192-1.437-2.874-1.581-4.948Zm-2.733-1.5h2.733c.144-2.074.866-3.756 1.58-4.948.12-.197.237-.381.353-.552a6.507 6.507 0 0 0-4.666 5.5Zm10.181 1.5c-.144 2.074-.866 3.756-1.58 4.948-.12.197-.237.381-.353.552a6.507 6.507 0 0 0 4.666-5.5Zm2.733-1.5a6.507 6.507 0 0 0-4.666-5.5c.123.181.24.365.353.552.714 1.192 1.436 2.874 1.58 4.948Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="issue-opened-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened">
<path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="device-mobile-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-device-mobile">
<path d="M3.75 0h8.5C13.216 0 14 .784 14 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 16h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 14.25V1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0ZM3.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM8 13a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="package-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-package">
<path d="m8.878.392 5.25 3.045c.54.314.872.89.872 1.514v6.098a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-.872 1.514l-5.25 3.045a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0l-5.25-3.045A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 11.049V4.951c0-.624.332-1.201.872-1.514L7.122.392a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.756 0ZM7.875 1.69l-4.63 2.685L8 7.133l4.755-2.758-4.63-2.685a.248.248 0 0 0-.25 0ZM2.5 5.677v5.372c0 .09.047.171.125.216l4.625 2.683V8.432Zm6.25 8.271 4.625-2.683a.25.25 0 0 0 .125-.216V5.677L8.75 8.432Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="credit-card-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-credit-card">
<path d="M10.75 9a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-1.5Z"></path><path d="M0 3.75C0 2.784.784 2 1.75 2h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25ZM14.5 6.5h-13v5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25Zm0-2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25V5h13Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="play-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play">
<path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm4.879-2.773 4.264 2.559a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .428l-4.264 2.559A.25.25 0 0 1 6 10.559V5.442a.25.25 0 0 1 .379-.215Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="gift-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-gift">
<path d="M2 2.75A2.75 2.75 0 0 1 4.75 0c.983 0 1.873.42 2.57 1.232.268.318.497.668.68 1.042.183-.375.411-.725.68-1.044C9.376.42 10.266 0 11.25 0a2.75 2.75 0 0 1 2.45 4h.55c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v2c0 .698-.409 1.301-1 1.582v4.918A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 16H2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 14.25V9.332C.409 9.05 0 8.448 0 7.75v-2C0 4.784.784 4 1.75 4h.55c-.192-.375-.3-.8-.3-1.25ZM7.25 9.5H2.5v4.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h4.5Zm1.5 0v5h4.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V9.5Zm0-4V8h5.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-2a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-7 0a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v2c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5V5.5h-5.5Zm3-4a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0 2.5h2.309c-.233-.818-.542-1.401-.878-1.793-.43-.502-.915-.707-1.431-.707ZM8.941 4h2.309a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0-2.5c-.516 0-1 .205-1.43.707-.337.392-.646.975-.879 1.793Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="code-square-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-square">
<path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7.47 3.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L10.69 8 9.22 6.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM6.78 6.53 5.31 8l1.47 1.47a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<template id="device-desktop-icon">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-device-desktop">
<path d="M14.25 1c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 12h-3.727c.099 1.041.52 1.872 1.292 2.757A.752.752 0 0 1 11.25 16h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.565-1.243c.772-.885 1.192-1.716 1.292-2.757H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 10.25v-7.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.75 2.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM9.018 12H6.982a5.72 5.72 0 0 1-.765 2.5h3.566a5.72 5.72 0 0 1-.765-2.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>
<div class="position-relative">
<ul
role="listbox"
class="ActionListWrap QueryBuilder-ListWrap"
aria-label="Suggestions"
data-action="
combobox-commit:query-builder#comboboxCommit
mousedown:query-builder#resultsMousedown
"
data-target="query-builder.resultsList"
data-persist-list=false
id="query-builder-test-results"
tabindex="-1"
></ul>
</div>
<div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-c472f5cb-f194-472d-934a-c6ded9504ff0" hidden="hidden">
<span class="FormControl-inlineValidation--visual">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" version="1.1" width="12" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert-fill">
<path d="M4.855.708c.5-.896 1.79-.896 2.29 0l4.675 8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span></span>
</div> </div>
<div data-target="query-builder.screenReaderFeedback" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="sr-only"></div>
</query-builder></form>
<div class="d-flex flex-row color-fg-muted px-3 text-small color-bg-default search-feedback-prompt">
<a target="_blank" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2">Search syntax tips</a> <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</modal-dialog></div>
</div>
<div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div>
<div class="color-fg-default">
<dialog-helper>
<dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll">
<div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header">
<div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap">
<div class="Overlay-titleWrap">
<h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title">
Provide feedback
</h1>
</div>
<div class="Overlay-actionWrap">
<button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg></button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title">
<div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="VmZmtTyPCvXb4EJxMXepC4oEcqEkmIlwN/6686w9SNTS6HQFF3fe7ccOKnd941kRzoNUIEkNgrDjaIbwDyolnQ==" />
<p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p>
<textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea>
<input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox">
<label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label>
</form></div>
</scrollable-region>
<div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel
</button>
<button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback
</button>
</div>
</dialog></dialog-helper>
<custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager">
<dialog-helper>
<dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="custom-scopes-dialog-title" aria-describedby="custom-scopes-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll">
<div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header Overlay-header--divided">
<div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap">
<div class="Overlay-titleWrap">
<h1 class="Overlay-title " id="custom-scopes-dialog-title">
Saved searches
</h1>
<h2 id="custom-scopes-dialog-description" class="Overlay-description">Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly</h2>
</div>
<div class="Overlay-actionWrap">
<button data-close-dialog-id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-label="Close" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg></button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<scrollable-region data-labelled-by="custom-scopes-dialog-title">
<div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div>
<div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm">
<!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="jcrC8fWRvniYVQD/VnvhlHBYOI4ert49pjAGTlVUL5wPE23qlnLZqR48WE5uOTeH6zd8skq33+X3NlUfmaJPWg==" />
<div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div>
<input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="custom_scope_name">Name</label>
<auto-check src="/search/custom_scopes/check_name" required>
<input
type="text"
name="custom_scope_name"
id="custom_scope_name"
data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesNameField"
class="form-control"
autocomplete="off"
placeholder="github-ruby"
required
maxlength="50">
<input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="yysGzgjHjFJR4GWeT4x5vkoCUbifl/3jxNfPOwUvYMKsKQAUqIKl0Mw7hrFsuMG9qD+bYpj+9dNr/5uP53WAWA==" />
</auto-check>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="custom_scope_query">Query</label>
<input
type="text"
name="custom_scope_query"
id="custom_scope_query"
data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesQueryField"
class="form-control"
autocomplete="off"
placeholder="(repo:mona/a OR repo:mona/b) AND lang:python"
required
maxlength="500">
</div>
<p class="text-small color-fg-muted">
To see all available qualifiers, see our <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax">documentation</a>.
</p>
</form> </div>
<div data-target="custom-scopes.manageCustomScopesForm">
<div data-target="custom-scopes.list"></div>
</div>
</div>
</scrollable-region>
<div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd Overlay-footer--divided"> <button data-action="click:custom-scopes#customScopesCancel" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel
</button>
<button form="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-action="click:custom-scopes#customScopesSubmit" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesSubmitButton" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Create saved search
</button>
</div>
</dialog></dialog-helper>
</custom-scopes>
</div>
</qbsearch-input>
<div class="position-relative HeaderMenu-link-wrap d-lg-inline-block">
<a
href="/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ftedneward%2FDemo-Crystal%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Fhello%2Fsrc%2Fhello.cr"
class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-in HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 no-underline d-none d-lg-inline-flex border border-lg-0 rounded px-2 py-1"
style="margin-left: 12px;"
data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/tedneward/Demo-Crystal/blob/main/hello/src/hello.cr","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c82e06b2f137429f4ae056cda4978b357035a163296988c0d22b96dfed11c2d9"
data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to go to homepage","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header"}"
>
Sign in
</a>
</div>
<a href="/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&ref_loc=header+logged+out&ref_page=%2F%3Cuser-name%3E%2F%3Crepo-name%3E%2Fblob%2Fshow&source=header-repo&source_repo=tedneward%2FDemo-Crystal"
class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-up HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 d-flex d-lg-inline-flex no-underline border color-border-default rounded px-2 py-1"
data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/tedneward/Demo-Crystal/blob/main/hello/src/hello.cr","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c82e06b2f137429f4ae056cda4978b357035a163296988c0d22b96dfed11c2d9"
data-analytics-event="{"category":"Sign up","action":"click to sign up for account","label":"ref_page:/<user-name>/<repo-name>/blob/show;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out"}"
>
Sign up
</a>
<div class="AppHeader-appearanceSettings">
<react-partial-anchor>
<button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-300dd919-1b16-480a-b71a-5727c8f7b0f9" aria-labelledby="tooltip-e904e81b-6da4-4f62-9c23-96dca0759cee" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual">
<path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path>
</svg>
</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-e904e81b-6da4-4f62-9c23-96dca0759cee" for="icon-button-300dd919-1b16-480a-b71a-5727c8f7b0f9" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip>
<template data-target="react-partial-anchor.template">
<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react.c2f2a23c8cb21255abf9.module.css" />
<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.753d458774a2f782559b.module.css" />
<react-partial
partial-name="appearance-settings"
data-ssr="false"
data-attempted-ssr="false"
data-react-profiling="false"
>
<script type="application/json" data-target="react-partial.embeddedData">{"props":{}}</script>
<div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"></div>
</react-partial>
</template>
</react-partial-anchor>
</div>
<button type="button" class="sr-only js-header-menu-focus-trap d-block d-lg-none">Resetting focus</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-full">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert">
<path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
<span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-in" hidden>You signed in with another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
<span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
<span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
<button id="icon-button-ef212ca8-50bc-43d6-ac58-59244482d1fd" aria-labelledby="tooltip-23a3371a-b230-4f50-b6ff-fb6c4df68af9" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium flash-close js-flash-close"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x Button-visual">
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-23a3371a-b230-4f50-b6ff-fb6c4df68af9" for="icon-button-ef212ca8-50bc-43d6-ac58-59244482d1fd" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip>
</div>
</div>
<div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div>
<div id="js-flash-container" class="flash-container" data-turbo-replace>
<template class="js-flash-template">
<div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}">
<div >
<button autofocus class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="js-flash-alert">
<div>{{ message }}</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
</div>
<div
class="application-main "
data-commit-hovercards-enabled
data-discussion-hovercards-enabled
data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled
data-project-hovercards-enabled
>
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class="">
<main id="js-repo-pjax-container" >
<div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen" style="background-color: var(--page-header-bgColor, var(--color-page-header-bg));" data-turbo-replace>
<div class="d-flex flex-nowrap flex-justify-end mb-3 px-3 px-lg-5" style="gap: 1rem;">
<div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit">
<div class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-fg-muted mr-2">
<path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path>
</svg>
<span class="author flex-self-stretch" itemprop="author">
<a class="url fn" rel="author" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/tedneward/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" href="/tedneward">
tedneward
</a> </span>
<span class="mx-1 flex-self-stretch color-fg-muted">/</span>
<strong itemprop="name" class="mr-2 flex-self-stretch">
<a data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/tedneward/Demo-Crystal">Demo-Crystal</a>
</strong>
<span></span><span class="Label Label--secondary v-align-middle mr-1">Public</span>
</div>
</div>
<div id="repository-details-container" class="flex-shrink-0" data-turbo-replace style="max-width: 70%;">
<ul class="pagehead-actions flex-shrink-0 d-none d-md-inline" style="padding: 2px 0;">
<li>
<a href="/login?return_to=%2Ftedneward%2FDemo-Crystal" rel="nofollow" id="repository-details-watch-button" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"notification subscription menu watch","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/tedneward/Demo-Crystal/blob/main/hello/src/hello.cr","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="6ced3977aef97079738b9fd9cd63f6d223922e9c2918ca5673c53fa32224b435" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2">
<path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006l.006.004.007.001h10.964l.007-.001.006-.004.004-.006.001-.007a.017.017 0 0 0-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.745 1.745 0 0 1-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 8 1.5Z"></path>
</svg>Notifications
</a> <tool-tip id="tooltip-f32bec3b-48e9-476b-854a-e4bcac7cde98" for="repository-details-watch-button" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="description" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">You must be signed in to change notification settings</tool-tip>
</li>
<li>
<a icon="repo-forked" id="fork-button" href="/login?return_to=%2Ftedneward%2FDemo-Crystal" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"repo details fork button","repository_id":1102773572,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/tedneward/Demo-Crystal/blob/main/hello/src/hello.cr","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="85f8a630723d97fc0a0102e6ed0f420a5015049cbd5ce765b695c46e25544460" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2">
<path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>Fork
<span id="repo-network-counter" data-pjax-replace="true" data-turbo-replace="true" title="0" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">0</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex">
<a href="/login?return_to=%2Ftedneward%2FDemo-Crystal" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"star button","repository_id":1102773572,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/tedneward/Demo-Crystal/blob/main/hello/src/hello.cr","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="49d386f535d8e7c3b8ee4ede45011ba01455f22f98e480aac6a12155bba8e0e9" aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" data-view-component="true" class="tooltipped tooltipped-sw btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom d-inline-block mr-2">
<path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path>
</svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline">
Star
</span> <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="0 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="0" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">0</span>
</a></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace>
</div>
<nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5">
<ul data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-body list-style-none">
<li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
<a id="code-tab" href="/tedneward/Demo-Crystal" data-tab-item="i0code-tab" data-selected-links="repo_source repo_downloads repo_commits repo_releases repo_tags repo_branches repo_packages repo_deployments repo_attestations /tedneward/Demo-Crystal" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g c" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Code","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" aria-current="page" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item selected">
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Run
crystal run src/hello.cr
Compile
crystal build src/hello.cr; ./hello
Ruby syntax
static types
compiled performance
a service-oriented programming language
"it is designed to reason effectively about the key questions of (micro)service development, including the following:
What are the APIs exposed by services?
How can these APIs be accessed?
How are APIs implemented in terms of concurrency, communication, and computation?
built on top of the JVM
"More in general, Jolie brings a structured linguistic approach to the programming of services, including constructs for access endpoints, APIs with synchronous and asynchronous operations, communications, behavioural workflows, and multiparty sessions. Additionally, Jolie embraces that service and microservice systems are often heterogeneous and interoperability should be a first-class citizen: all data in Jolie is structured as trees that can be semi-automatically (most of the time fully automatically) converted from/to different data formats (JSON, XML, etc.) and communicated over a variety of protocols (HTTP, binary protocols, etc.). Jolie is an attempt at making the first language for microservices, in the sense that it provides primitives to deal directly with the programming of common concerns regarding microservices without relying on frameworks or external libraries."
Jolie requires Java 11+ to run
Download the Jolie installer
https://www.jolie-lang.org/downloads.html
currently https://github.com/jolie/jolie/releases/download/v1.11.0/jolie-1.11.0.jar
Run the installer
java -jar jolie-1.11.0.jar
Linux/macOS/WSL Homebrew
brew install jolie
Docker
docker pull jolielang/jolie
docker run -it -v /host:/container –name CONTAINERNAME jolielang/jolie
edit files in your /host, which will appear in /container
Or build from source
git clone https://github.com/jolie/jolie.git
cd jolie
mvn install
binaries will be in dist folder
Then (optionally) set up Jolie for the local user
scripts/dev-setup.sh ~/bin
Run Jolie: jolie --version
currently returns Jolie 1.11.2 (C) 2006-2022 the Jolie developers
from your favorite editor, create hello.ol
run the file with jolie hello.ol
connect to the service: http://localhost:9000/hello?name=Fred
Hello world
type HelloRequest {
name:string
}
interface HelloInterface {
requestResponse:
hello( HelloRequest )( string )
}
service HelloService {
execution: concurrent
inputPort HelloService {
location: "socket://localhost:9000"
protocol: http { format = "json" }
interfaces: HelloInterface
}
main {
hello( request )( response ) {
response = "Hello " + request.name
}
}
}
Contract-driven development, defined by formal APIs
Structural typing instead of nominative typing
Components are services
Decouple access points from business logic
Abstract data manipulation
defined by formal APIs
service APIs should be defined in a formal language
technology agnostic
unambiguous
machine readable
based on well-known abstractions.
ironically, WSDL wasn't wrong--just bad
instead of nominative typing
since, really, the contents (structure) are what's transferred
... and any nominative information is lost
service are independently executable software artifacts
services should be clearly identifiable in source code
scope of their definition should be clearly demarcated and delimited
any given logic can/should be accessed via multiple media
therefore coupling logic to access is an antipattern
implementation of business logic should be abstract from how data is represented on the wire
services as a first-class concept
JVM underpining makes for easy integration
built-in data types beyond typical primitives
structural typing makes more sense for services
https://www.winglang.io/
combines infrastructure and runtime code
cloud services as first-class citizens
local simulation (of cloud services)
deploy to any cloud
bring cloud;
let q = new cloud.Queue();
let b = new cloud.Bucket() as "Bucket: Last Message";
q.addConsumer(inflight (m: str) => {
b.put("latest.txt", m);
});
new cloud.Function(inflight (s: str) => {
log("Cloud Function was called with ${s}");
q.push(s);
});
https://www.winglang.io/docs/
Wing CLI
Requires Node v20+
NPM package: npm i -g winglang
Wing Console: download installer (macOS, Windows)
Hello... er, Cloud
bring cloud;
let bucket = new cloud.Bucket();
let queue = new cloud.Queue();
queue.setConsumer(inflight (message: str) => {
bucket.put("wing.txt", "Hello, ${message}");
});
Test it in the Wing Console
wing it hello.w
code and infrastructure, as code
local simulation
... and testing
https://wasp-lang.dev/
configuration/language for full-stack web apps
builds on top of React, Node, and Prisma
ReactJS: SPA framework for browser-based UIs
Node: server-side JS execution engine
Prisma: object-relational mapper
compiler (transpiler) unifies the three
Hello world
app todoApp {
title: "ToDo App", // visible in the browser tab
auth: { // full-stack auth out-of-the-box
userEntity: User,
methods: { google: {}, gitHub: {}, email: {...} }
}
}
route RootRoute { path: "/", to: MainPage }
page MainPage {
authRequired: true, // Limit access to logged in users.
component: import Main from "@client/Main.tsx" // Your React code.
}
query getTasks {
fn: import { getTasks } from "@server/tasks.js", // Your Node.js code.
entities: [Task] // Automatic cache invalidation.
}
entity Task {=psl ... psl=} // Your Prisma data model.
https://wasp-lang.dev/docs/quick-start
Curl/shell: curl -sSL https://get.wasp-lang.dev/installer.sh | sh
(No package manager support yet)
Create the project
wasp new TodoApp
Start the server
cd TodoApp; wasp start
Browse to http://localhost:3000
full-stack web application language
capture routes, types, "screens" all in one place
validation of application flow/constructs
easier reuse of constructs/components
https://mint-lang.com/
"programming language for writing single page applications"
incorporates HTML, CSS, JS into one unified language
written in Crystal
Hello world
component Main {
fun render : Html {
<button>
"Click ME!"
</button>
}
}
Counter component
component Counter {
state counter = 0
fun increment { next { counter: counter + 1 } }
fun decrement { next { counter: counter - 1 } }
fun render {
<div>
<button onClick={decrement}>"Decrement"</button>
<span><{ Number.toString(counter) }></span>
<button onClick={increment}>"Increment"</button>
</div>
}
}
https://mint-lang.com/install
Package managers:
Homebrew/Linuxbrew: brew install mint-lang
Download the (single) prebuilt binary
Build from source: git clone https://github.com/mint-lang/mint.git
Docker:
git clone https://github.com/mint-lang/mint-docker.git
cd mint-docker
docker-compose up
mint init hello-world
Main (source/Main.mint)
component Main {
style app {
justify-content: center;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
display: flex;
background-color: #282C34;
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
font-family: Open Sans;
font-weight: bold;
}
fun render : Html {
<div::app>
<Logo/>
<Info mainPath="source/Main.mint"/>
<Link href="https://www.mint-lang.com/">
"Learn Mint"
</Link>
</div>
}
}
Info (source/Info.mint)
component Info {
property mainPath : String
style info {
font-size: calc(10px + 2vmin);
color: #939DB0;
}
style path {
font-family: source-code-pro, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 100;
color: #E06C75;
}
fun render : Html {
<p::info>
<{ "Edit " }>
<code::path>
<{ mainPath }>
</code>
<{ " and save to reload." }>
</p>
}
}
Link (source/Link.mint)
component Link {
property children : Array(Html) = []
property href : String
style link {
font-size: calc(10px + 2vmin);
text-decoration: none;
color: #DDDDDD;
&:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
}
fun render : Html {
<a::link
href="#{href}"
target="_blank">
<{ children }>
</a>
}
}
mint start
Browse to http://127.0.0.1:3000/
Edit source/Main.mint (or any of the other files)
Browser page refreshes
https://ui.mint-lang.com/
loads of examples
"unified UI" front-end Web language
captures (calling into) services as part of the language
JS interoperability makes it play well in the Web world
integrated testing as a component (not as HTML, CSS, JS, separately)
There's a whole crop of interesting new languages out there
Many of these aren't ready for production use
but some are oh, so close...
All of them present some fascinating new ideas
... some of which you might want to steal (!)
If one of these doesn't get your motor running...
Pony: type-safe, memory-safe, exception-safe, concurrent
https://www.ponylang.io/
Odin: data-oriented systems programming
https://odin-lang.org/
Zig: statically-typed compiled metaprogrammaing
https://ziglang.org/
Fantom: static and dynamic typing actor concurrency
https://fantom.org/
Red: homoiconic high-level (CLI and GUI)
https://www.red-lang.org/
Ballerina: service-oriented programming
https://www.ballerina.io/
Idris: purely-functional type-driven development
https://www.idris-lang.org/
Nim: statically-typed compiled dependency-free
https://nim-lang.org/
Unison: statically-typed, content-addressed
https://www.unison-lang.org/
Wyvern: type-specific languages
http://wyvernlang.github.io/
Architect, Engineering Manager/Leader, "force multiplier"
http://www.newardassociates.com
http://blogs.newardassociates.com
Sr Distinguished Engineer, Capital One
Educative (http://educative.io) Author
Performance Management for Engineering Managers
Books
Developer Relations Activity Patterns (w/Woodruff, et al; APress, forthcoming)
Professional F# 2.0 (w/Erickson, et al; Wrox, 2010)
Effective Enterprise Java (Addison-Wesley, 2004)
SSCLI Essentials (w/Stutz, et al; OReilly, 2003)
Server-Based Java Programming (Manning, 2000)